A somatosensory potential that is evoked by transient added inspiratory load has previously been described (Davenport PW, Friedman WA, Thompson FJ, and Franzen O. J Appl Physiol 60: 1843-1848, 1986). This evoked potential is novel because it arises in response to a stimulus that also evokes a muscle response, and so this potential could contain myogenic components. The present study was undertaken to define the relationship between the scalp response and other physiological responses that are evoked by airway occlusion. Evoked signals were recorded from the scalp, scalenus anterior, masseter, and electrooculogram. Responses to a 200-ms midinspiratory occlusion were recorded in 12 healthy volunteers. Evoked responses were reliably recorded at C₃-C_Z and C₄-C_Z and from the skin overlying the scalenus anterior in 11 of these subjects. The onset latencies were 15.7 ± 3.1 at C₃-C_Z, 15.9 ± 2.1 at C₄-C_Z, and 17.6 ± 5.5 ms at scalenus anterior. In nine subjects, the masseter response appeared to coincide with the mouth pressure trace, and this was interpreted as movement artifact. No consistent electrooculogram or frontal electroencephalogram response was recorded. Because of the similarity in onset latency at C₃-C_Z, C₄-C_Z, and scalenus anterior, it was concluded that the myogenic signal may contribute to the scalp response and should be viewed as a potential source of artifact in experiments of this nature.